African-Americans have endured one of the most painful eras of American history – an era that has been normalized and justified not only by institutions that have been complicit with slavery but also by African-Americans themselves. Dr. Joy DeGruy is the author of “Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome:  America's Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing”, she argues that African-Americans suffer from a deep psychological trauma that has been passed on through generations. Dr. DeGruy explores African-American history, cultural behavior and the trauma of slavery and racism’s impacts on African-Americans and society as a whole. Dr. DeGruy advocates for recognition and collective healing.

Special thanks to Dr. Joy DeGruy and the California Institute of Integral Studies.