Transcript for the Piece Audio version of A Practical Guide to Disaster
Radio Documentary: A Practical Guide to Disaster
From KALW News in San Francisco
Producer Ben Trefny
btrefny@yahoo.com
415-290-2421
http://kalwnews.org/disaster.html
TRT 29:00 without suggested lede
SUGGESTED LEDE
HOST 100 years ago a magnitude 7.8 earthquake ripped along the San Andreas Fault, rocking Northern California and sparking fires that torched the city of San Francisco. It became an example of how American civilization could be totally devastated by a simple shudder from Mother Nature.
Within the last five years, the U.S. has experienced catastrophic events that have tested our resolve, and our readiness, for the next big one. We have learned that the agencies responsible for protecting Americans in the event of an emergency are fallible. So when the next disaster strikes, the question is: Are we prepared?
From KALW News in San Francisco, this is the radio documentary, ?A Practical Guide to Disaster,? hosted by Holly Kernan. :50
DOCUMENTARY
MUSIC 01: Carmen ? Suite No. 2 ? Habanera
HOST The night of April 17th, 1906, the city of San Francisco blazed in all of its cultural glory. The Mission Opera House hosted the world?s greatest tenor, Enrico Caruso, performing in Bizet?s Carmen. Across town, gamblers and call girls played deep into the night in a district called the ?Barbary Coast.? Just over half-a-century removed from the Gold Rush that put the city on the map, San Francisco was the rough-hewn jewel of America?s Pacific Coast. :33
JD01A Let me paint for you the imperial city of San Francisco. Part Paris, part Dodge City? :05
HOST Journalist James Dalessandro (dah-leh-SAHN-drough) recalls the Bay town in his historical novel ?1906.? :08
JD01B Literate and boorish. Libertine and feudal. A soiled Mecca? :05
KB01A It was a very dense community. Lots of buildings. Lots of tall buildings. :06
HOST Karin Breuer (CARE-enn BREW-urr) is a curator at the Palace of the Legion of Honor. :04
KB01B It was a vibrant retail center. We know, right around Union Square. And there was a financial district. How heavily built up 1906 San Francisco was. :11
RF03 This is a relatively small city compared with many. But this is a world metropolis. We have all the attributes of a Paris, a Rome, a London, a New York. :12
HOST That?s Robert Falk, a San Francisco denizen at the time. He along with John Cahill and Charles R. Timby lived in the city. Their memories were recorded in the 1960s. :13
CT06 We had the same feeling, I suspect, of San Francisco that you have. Whatever that is. We condone what we don?t like. But still, we love the old town. :08
HOST So there they are, the night of April 17th, 1906. The end of a day like any other day one hundred years ago in San Francisco. :11
MUSIC 02: Carmen ? La Fleur Que Tu M?Avais Jetee
JC02A And I went to bed. At 5:15 the next morning this terrible earthquake came. :05
JD02 On April 18th, 1906 at 5:13 a.m. A moment etched in the memories of all who survived. :06
JC02B The building I was in jumped off its foundation and wheeled around a bit. And when I got up out of bed to open the door, my door was jammed. :10
CT01A Well, I got a terrific shake? And I got out of bed really quickly. :05
JC02C And I hollered to this fellow, I heard him in the hall, ?Push the door in!? And he said, ?I can?t. If I do that, I?ll push the building down.? :20
POST MUSIC
JD03 On the Barbary Coast, chandeliers buckled, tables overturned and gamblers were hurled from their seats. In Chinatown, terrified occupants clung to their airborne beds as their flimsy tenements burst at their mortared seams, pitched everything and everyone into the streets. :16
CT01B During this time, my clock and odds and ends on the mantle were falling down on the floor. I went over to the window and looked down at Geary Street there? The ladies were in their old ?fashioned nightgowns. And the men were in their underwear. That?s the way they slept, I guess. They were very much excited. :35
JD04 The Palace Hotel with 1200 sleeping guests, swayed in an enormous circle, grinding and wrenching against its steel bracing. Enrico Caruso awoke to the sound of tinkling chandeliers and the sensation of his bed hopping about the room. Along regal Van Ness Avenue, cobblestones resembled popping corn and the hills undulated like blankets being shaken out by unseen hands. :24
KB02 Many of them fled with literally the shirts on their backs. And so the need for clothes was one of the immediate ones. :07
CT04B ? and we proceeded to drag those trunks up Geary Street, then up to Post and Franklin. We thought we were well out of it. That?s where we spent the night, sitting on our trunks. Picked up some blankets, and we used those during the night. And believe me, that was a long, long night. :25
HOST The earthquake caused tremendous damage, but it was the subsequent fires that destroyed most of the city and left thousands homeless.
CT04A The place that I lived was burnt down. That afternoon we were ordered by the police or the military to get out. The fire had crossed Market Street and was headed up our way. :12
KB04 There?s complete devastation all around, but people are gathered in clusters observing the fire as it moves up the hill. :09
CT03 I was standing around watching the fire like the other people. :05
KB03 In 1906 parks and squares were turned into refugee camps and refugee centers. :05
JD05 The city of San Francisco is no more. The Paris of the Pacific. The wealthiest and wickedest of American cities is now ash and memories. :12
POST MUSIC
CT05A I remember those nights there sitting on a blanket wrapped up on the curb. I had nothing to eat during these days. :08
KB05 And all of these people had to be evacuated from the area and many of them were not able to return to their homes. :07
JC05 The night of the earthquake. I?d lost everything I had. My home, the little bank that had my money in it was in ashes. I lost my job and everything. :12
MUSIC OUT
JD07 San Francisco was terribly unprepared in 1906. :03
HOST Historian James Dalessandro. :02
JD07 They had been warned, there were a lot of warnings. The fire chief, Dennis Sullivan, he wanted to build this massive supplemental fire suppression system. He wanted to buy fireboats. He wanted to ring San Francisco Bay with steam pumpers. He wanted to build these massive tanks on top of the city?s hills to create a gravity-fed supplemental hydrant system, so his men would always have water. :28
HOST But Sullivan?s vision was expensive, and it had not been implemented when the earthquake struck San Francisco. A tragic irony followed. :09
JD08 The first victim pulled from the rubble on the morning of April 18th was the fire chief, Dennis Sullivan. A chimney cut his station in half on Bush Street near the entrance to Chinatown, and Sullivan remained in a coma for the next three-and-a-half days. :15
HOST While San Francisco burned. Sullivan died the day after the final flames were put out. :06
JD09 Those who refuse to learn the lessons of history are condemned to repeat them? and we are currently condemned to repeat those mistakes. :08
HOST In 2001, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA, named the top three ?likeliest, most catastrophic disasters facing this country.? They included a terrorist attack on New York City? a hurricane striking the city of New Orleans? and a major earthquake in the San Francisco Bay Area. After the World Trade Center fell on September 11, 2001, the United States reorganized domestic security and is still questioning its ability to respond in a future disaster. When Hurricane Katrina destroyed the levees surrounding New Orleans, the city flooded, creating a ghost town of rotting homes, abandoned residents and unreserved anger; asking, ?Why were we not prepared?
Two of FEMA?s catastrophic scenarios down. One to go. :45
JQ01 There is a 62% chance of a major event, being an earthquake of an 8.0 or higher magnitude, within the next 30 years. :09
HOST John Quinlan (QUINN-lenn) is Emergency Services Director with the San Mateo County Sheriff?s Office. :06
JQ02 So are we prepared for that 62% probability that we will have this major event? We don?t know when it can hit. It could hit tomorrow, it could hit ten years from now, it could hit five years from now. The fact of the matter is we have to be prepared now, ?cause we?ll never be able to tell when it?s gonna come, and we can never stop an earthquake. :14
HB01 People must realize they have to become their first responder. :05
HOST Harris Bostic (BOSS-tick), the Second, directs the American Red Cross Program ?Prepare Bay Area.? :06
HB02 They have to be self-reliant and self-sufficient if there is ever a disaster here. And may have to do that for 72 hours, or more. :08
HOST That is a hard lesson learned in the aftermath of Katrina. The various agencies that will work to manage an uncontrollable situation, for a variety of reasons, may not function so well. And that means people need to be prepared, wherever they are. :18
FADE IN AMBI BART ?9-car train for Pittsburgh/Bay Pt. in 1
Minute?? :04
HOST Every weekday, more than 300 thousand people ride BART?s commuter trains. Officials conduct major emergency drills annually, inviting fire departments to train in conjunction with BART?s own first responders. Still, an emergency scenario could shut the trains down, resulting in gridlock for those dependent on the system until tunnels and bridges can be inspected. So, are BART riders ready for a disaster scenario? :25
POST BART AMBI TRAIN ARRIVING
HC My name is Harold Charmes, I live in San Francisco, and I?m a computer professional, and, well, I just think of preparedness as a common part of life these days. :12
CROSSFADE TRAIN IDLING
HC I keep a box of food and clothing. I used to have money, but, sort of, it dissolved. I keep it outside in my chicken coop, so I think it will be available if the house falls down. :12
POST TRAIN ARRIVING
AA My name is Alice Arcey, I live in Union City, California. I?m an administrative assistant for an accounting firm. It impacts all of us on a daily basis. I live in an area that is right along Mission Boulevard, one of the well-known earthquake faults... :16
CROSS TO TRAIN IDLING
AA I actually have done some preparation. I have emergency equipment already pre-packed very well-prepared kits. I even have a few emergency tools outside, in case I need to turn off my gas. I have an emergency supply of water and food. That?s as far as I?ve gotten. Oh, I?ve got a pretty good first aid kit. That?s it. :22
POST BART TRAIN DEPART AMBI
RD My name is Reginald DuWay, and I live in Millbrae, California. We have some relatives that were affected by Katrina. And everyone was worried what happened to those folks. And we didn?t hear from them in over 30 days, so it really started to make me think about making sure our connection tree is in place, and so I haven?t really done that yet [LAUGHTER], but I?m definitely going to start thinking about doing that now. Absolutely. :23
POST BART OPPOSITE TRAIN DEPART AMBI
RJ My name is Rodney Jenkins. I live in Oakland, California. I live in an African-American neighborhood, which means that earthquake retrofitting is probably far less than it is in comparable white neighborhoods. I?ve also seen the ethnic cleansing attempt that FEMA did in the Gulf Region, and I?m well aware that people in my neighborhood, if they are geographically isolated from people from other demographics will remain isolated, and thus we have a disaster preparedness plan in our own community to take care of those persons within it. :35
POST TRAIN IDLE AMBI
SL My name is Stefan Lynch, I?m a nurse, I live in San Francisco. It affects me on a daily basis, because I have to make sure I?m prepared at home and at work, partly for professional reasons. And I really think about the poor community I work in, the Tenderloin, and how any kind of major disaster is going to affect them. :19
FADE IN DEPARTING TRAIN AMBI :02
HOST ?Prepare Bay Area? director Harris Bostic says since Katrina, the American Red Cross has made a stronger effort to target those communities. The Red Cross offers ongoing training covering topics from household hazards to CPR and first aid to disaster assistance. :13
HB03 We want to make a concerted effort to focus it on those under-served populations, such as the elderly, the disabled, children, non-native English speakers, and homeless and other people who we?ve seen in other disasters, such as Katrina. These people were either not thought of or after-thoughts. :22
HOST ?Prepare Bay Area? is an effort to train one million people in a three-step program. :04
HB04 If one person per household can be prepared, having made a plan, built a kit, and gotten trained then we are far ahead of where the Gulf Region was before Katrina hit. :12
HOST After Katrina hit, Bostic worked in Atlanta with hurricane refugees. :03
HB05 Many people left without anything but the clothes on their backs: no ID, no, I mean nothing. So I tell people now, a minimum thing you can do when you?re making your plan is to photocopy all of your IDs ? your driver?s license, your passport, your birth certificate, your Social Security card. Something as simple as that. :17
HOST That can mean the difference between receiving benefits from the Red Cross, FEMA and other relief agencies and being denied. :07
HB06 We had to know who they were, and were they from the area. And it would have helped if they brought in a photocopy of their driver?s license. Now they can get copies of their driver?s license, but that can take about 30 to 45 days. :13
HOST Bostic adds that families or friends should determine rendezvous points, in case they are separated. And they should create phone trees, so that people outside of the danger zone can contact loved ones with updates, in case communication lines go down for extended periods. :14
HB07 ?Cause with Katrina we saw that many people for weeks did not know if a family member was safe or was in harm?s way, or was alive or dead, and it was really sad. But if you choose one person outside of the region, have everyone call that person, then that person can report. :14
HOST Bostic says the lessons learned from Katrina, while still painful, have been invaluable for future disaster scenarios ? on a personal, and professional level. :09
HB08 Interagency communication is key. We have organizations such as the Red Cross, which is non-profit working with governmental agencies like Homeland Security, the Office of Emergency Services. We?re working with the 10 counties of the Bay Area? :15
HOST ?and whether they are prepared or not, they will all have to find a way to work together in case of an emergency. :06
AMBI EMERGENCY SIREN
HOST You?re listening to ?A Practical Guide to Disaster? from KALW News. :10
FADE OUT EMERGENCY SIREN
JD12 After a major earthquake there?s what?s called ?the Golden Hour.?
HOST Historian James Dalessandro. :02
JD12 What happens to San Francisco, and to San Jose in the first 60 minutes will determine their fate. If fires break out and water systems are damaged. The streets will be damaged, and you?ll probably have the worst traffic jam in human history, everybody scrambles to their cars to get out. In 1906 there were maybe 200 cars in San Francisco. Now there are 7 million cars in 10 Bay Area counties. In 1906, there were 700,000 people in Northern California. Approximately. Now you have seven or seven-and-a-half million. :45
JHW02 Basically, the San Francisco Fire Department is the first responder, the lead agency in managing the scene after an earthquake. :07
HOST But, San Francisco Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White says those first responders may take more time than usual. :07
JHW01 Because in the event of a large-scale disaster our resources will be quickly overwhelmed. :06
HOST The Red Cross would also be providing support. :03
HB10 We?re not a first responder like the fire department and the police department, but we are there on the scene very early on. :07
HOST Red Cross coordinator Harris Bostic. :03
HB09 After a catastrophic event, like a Katrina, like a 911, we have a mandate from Congress to provide services. We can cross over police lines, actually get in there and offer the first aid kit, the CPR, the food, the water, information... :15
HOST ? as well as immediate mental health services and referrals to other assistance agencies. In San Francisco, within 12 hours of an earthquake, trained volunteers would also be available. :11
AMBI NERT01 ? SEARCH AND RESCUE :05
HOST The San Francisco Fire Department trains Neighborhood Emergency Response Teams, called NERT, as part of a plan designed to help individuals understand how to survive for several days after a disaster. :12
POST NERT01 ? SEARCH AND RESCUE :02
PY03 You?re going in as a team of five, and you?ve got 20 people down and injured. You don?t start doing CPR, you do disaster medicine, which is opening up the airway, controlling the bleeding, treating for shock. :14
HOST Patricia Yuen (YOU-enn) coordinates NERT, which teaches classes on disaster preparedness in English, Spanish and Chinese. NERT crews fan out through neighborhoods. :09
PY02 They smell the gas leak, there are people reported missing. They can take out the people, if the situation is safe for them. All those little things because the hospitals may be damaged, and they?re pulling out people there as well. :15
HOST Yuen says team leaders will check in directly with San Francisco?s 10 battalion stations, so that firefighters can respond where they are needed. She says that?s critical, because of expected communications failures. :16
PY04 Because we expect 100s of 1000s of calls within the first 10 minutes after the disaster. You know, the phone lines may be jammed. :07
JL02A In a large Bay Area earthquake the reality is, you?re not going to be able to use your cell phone. You?re not going to be able to pick up a telephone and call each other. Not right away. :09
HOST FEMA Earthquake Specialist Jeff Lusk (rhymes with MUSK). :04
JL02B And even once the telephones do begin to work and the cell phones begin to work, it?s going to be easier to connect to an outside line than it is to call anywhere in the Bay Area. Even across the street. :10
HOST And, many officials expect communication problems to extend to emergency providers as well. Public safety agencies in different counties looking to provide mutual aid will need to scramble to reach each other, because different entities use different radio frequencies. Last year, for the first time, the city of San Francisco placed most departments, including fire and police, on the same 800 megahertz radio system. San Francisco Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White says the city will be prepared. :28
JHW05 In this city we have very robust system, a sophisticated system for communicating. :05
HOST That includes an ?Auxiliary Communications Service? formed after the 1989 Loma Prieta quake. A trained group of volunteers provide backup communications for San Francisco?s emergency service providers and other departments through Ham radio devices and other mediums. That can be the only means of communication if traditional phone and radio lines fail. :21
JHW06 If you look at something like Katrina, that occurred. Obviously, local agencies would be quickly overwhelmed. So we have protocols with our partners at the state level, Department of Homeland Security, as well as FEMA so that they can come in and coordinate response. And that in and of itself is quite a challenge, because I think what we?ve seen in the past, not here in California, but we?ve sent that everyone is very well-intentioned but sometimes there tends to be a little bit of confusion or chaos as to who is actually the lead agency. :30
HOST State law says the lead agency is the local agency first, and it?s their job to call on the larger entities for help, like the counties, the state, and eventually the Feds, like FEMA. :11
JL03 We?re waiting on that phone call from the state of California to say, ?Now, we need help, too.? We?re not going to move without that call. :06
HOST FEMA?s Jeff Lusk. :02
JL04 The regional command center would open up. We would contact our Federal agency counterparts ? people like the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Health and Human Services, probably the Department of Transportation. (:09) We would all come together here in the Regional Office to discuss what possible Federal response would be needed. :22
HOST During Katrina, the nation watched with a feeling of helplessness as disaster services failed to reach many in need. And many people attempting individual relief efforts were turned away as they neared New Orleans. :12
JL05B One of the things that we?re very sensitive to is that we don?t become more of a burden on a disaster than we are a benefit. If you are already short of housing, and if resources are already scarce, something that can happen is then you don?t need a bunch of volunteers streaming into an area ? they can be more of a burden on the local governments and the local medical system than they are providing aid. :21
HOST And if there?s an ongoing issue in the Bay Area, that?s it ? housing. The Association of Bay Area Governments found that an earthquake of more than 7.0 magnitude on the Hayward Fault would make more than 150,000 housing units uninhabitable, displacing 330,000 people. FEMA?s Jeff Lusk: :18
JL06 The big concern for us in the Bay Area is we have one of the tightest rental markets in the country. There are never a lot of apartments open at any one given time. What are the implications of that if we have 150,000 displaced homes? There aren?t 150,000 open apartments right now. So where are these people going to go? :21
HOST When disaster strikes, the state joins FEMA and the Red Cross to provide emergency housing. :06
HB11A Now, some information we cannot give out before a disaster, like shelters. Because, first of all, we have shelters identified, but we do not know if those shelters will be standing, if there?s an earthquake, afterwards, or not. So we can?t say this school, A B C school, is your shelter, and that school is not there. People panic. :15
HOST Harris Bostic. :02
HB11B And the reason why we tell people to have in their kit radios is because we will announce shelter locations, and evacuation sites, and staging sites over the radios and over other means that are necessary. :12
HOST The Red Cross plans to be ready to shelter up to 300 thousand displaced people. FEMA?s Jeff Lusk says the state has been working with FEMA to coordinate long-term arrangements. :10
JL10 And when they identify ways that they?re going to deal with that catastrophic housing issue, we?re going to be at the table with them to decide what supplies and what resources we can bring to make that load easier. :10
HOST FEMA policy is to provide local disaster housing for up to 18 months. But, Lusk says, no firm plan has been determined to handle that load in the crowded Bay Area. In part, he says, because there are numerous complications to consider. :14
JL08 Moving people in Sim City or in your computer program is pretty easy. Moving it in reality is a whole different ballgame. And I think something that happened with Katrina is we really said to ourselves, ?Maybe some of these assumptions are wrong.? :15
HOST Like the idea of relocating people against their will or bringing people to refugee centers where they might not be safe. Lusk says in the very diverse Bay Area, some of those obstacles are exacerbated. :12
JL09 There are huge issues related to special needs population. There are huge issues related to language in the Bay Area that didn?t even exist in New Orleans for Katrina. We have many different languages in the Bay Area. We?re going to have to get the word out, people are going to have to communicate to us what their needs are. We?re going to be able to have to find them. :18
HOST And communicating with people, many of whom don?t speak English, is another unresolved issue. Still another is traffic throughout the nation?s second most congested region. Two major thoroughfares in the Bay Area, Interstate 80 north of the Bay Bridge and U.S. 101 south of Candlestick Point, are built on landfill, making them subject to liquefaction. :20
JL11 The transportation disruption in the Bay Area is going to be a huge issue to deal with. That?s without even beginning to discuss the possible implications of a direct hit in the Bay Area on systems such as BART or CalTrain or the various light rails that we have in the area. :14
HOST BART has launched a 1.3 billion dollar earthquake protection program to strengthen the Transbay Tube and reinforce 227 bridges holding elevated tracks. It had been waiting on a bond measure passed in 2004 to help cover costs. Such delays on repairs are nothing new. After the Loma Prieta earthquake, some transportation reconstruction was completed relatively quickly, like the broken Bay Bridge. But other components, such as San Francisco?s Central Freeway off-ramp, were only completed last year ? some 16 years after the damage was done. Historian James Dalessandro: :35
JD13 CalTrans, since the 1989 and 1994 Northridge quakes, have inspected 20,000 bridges and aquaducts, and have strengthened several thousand. But it?s the ones that we haven?t strengthened that will harm us. :15
HOST CalTrans identified more than 1,000 bridges around the state, including the elevated BART tracks, to be seismically retrofit. A joint program in which the federal government would pay nearly eight dollars for every one state dollar was designated to cover the costs. But city and county budget shortfalls forced CalTrans to abandon the repairs in 2003, leaving nearly 550 imperiled bridges unreinforced. :24
JL12 Every day when you?re driving around the Bay Area, you?re driving over literally hundreds and hundreds of small bridges, overpasses and causeways that are taking you across neighborhoods. :09
HOST FEMA?s Jeff Lusk. :02
JL13 Those are going to require structural engineering inspections before people are going to be allowed to drive back across those. They could be in imminent danger of collapse, they could be in many cases fine. There have been a lot of retrofits done. But until those things are looked at, they?re going to be closed. :16
HOST And that leads to another major dilemma facing the Bay Area in case of emergency. Where to go to be safe? :07
JL14 Fire following an earthquake is one of the most major concerns we have. There are no easy answers on how to transport people in the short term, locally, within an area to be able to deal with those problems. :10
HOST Part of that is because the city of San Francisco is almost completely surrounded by water. Just like the city of New Orleans. So when an earthquake strikes, as when the hurricane landed, residents may have to make due with what they can where they are. :15
JD14A Look at Katrina. Look at New Orleans, folks. The cavalry is not coming to get you. :05
HOST Historian James Dalessandro. :02
JD14B And forget about 72 hours, you got to be ready for two or three weeks. :04
MUSIC 03: Carmen ? Suite No. 2 ? Chanson du Toreador
JQ03 A And if anybody ever says, ?Hey, when is your plan going to be done?? It?s never going to be done. It has to be a constant work. :04
HOST San Mateo Sheriff?s Department Emergency Services Director John Quinlan says his county will evaluate a new emergency plan in June. On a larger scale, the 10 Bay Area counties are currently developing the nation?s first Regional Disaster Response Plan with the first draft due next year. :17
JQ03 B Hazards keep on changing, population bases change, things happen that we can never say it?s done. You have to have a plan. :16
HOST FEMA?s Jeff Lusk. :02
JL01 There is one inherent trait that both businesses and people share, and that is: you have to ask yourself one question. What do I need to live through the next two weeks if it all stops? :12
HOST Even with training programs like San Francisco?s Neighborhood Emergency Response Teams, Patricia Yuen says the number of people prepared to help overtaxed and underfunded agencies is very low. :12
PY01 We?re talking, about I think, 1 percent or less than 1 percent on a given daytime that have been trained. :08
HOST But with awareness increasing in the wake of Katrina and the aftermath of 9-11, those numbers are rising, says San Francisco Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White. :10
JHW01 People are realizing that there is an obligation to be personally prepared. One of the things that we saw in 1906 and again in ?89 was the willingness of the public to step up and assist in any way they could. :18
FALK04 That happens always in the face of a great emergency. :05
HOST 1906 earthquake survivor Robert Falk. :04
FALK04 CONT. When we?re all in peril, when we have a common reason for association and defense, or anything else, we get together. :13
HOST Can we really say that the lessons have been learned? James Dalessandro says history works in cycles. :07
JD10 I?m telling you how this is going to happen, and so are hundreds of other people. It?s time to listen, and time to use the centennial to learn something about who we were and learn something about who we will be when it happens again, ?cause it will happen again. :15
MUSIC OUT
MUSIC 04: Carmen ? Suite No. 1 ? Aragonaise
HOST ?A Practical Guide to Disaster? was produced by Ben Trefny. Steven Short was assistant producer. Melanie Young, Art Persyko and Sandra Sutherland provided research assistance. Special thanks to James Dalessandro and Gladys Hansen for access to archival recordings of eyewitnesses recalling the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.
For more information about disaster preparedness in the Bay Area, including links to the programs discussed in this show, go online to KALW News Dot Org, and click on ?A Practical Guide to Disaster.?
KALW News is produced by Ben Trefny and Nathanael Johnson. Eric Wayne is the senior technical producer. Our news partner is New America Media.
Thanks for tuning in, I?m Holly Kernan. 1:00
